São Vicente é uma das ilhas do arquipélago de Cabo Verde, situado no Atlântico Norte a poucas milhas da Costa Ocidental africana.

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A publicação de R. Fogel « The Slavery Debates A Retrospective – 1852-1990 » proporciona mais um exemplo de uma tendência que tende a dominar os estudos recentes sobre a escravatura moderna: a apresentação das opções morais como principal factor explicativo da abolição.

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O objecto desse trabalho é o processo de racialização das relações sociais no processo emancipacionista no Brasil. Considerando que a racialização e a abolição se constituíram de modo intrínseco na sociedade brasileira, proponho a análise das estratégias políticas de preservação de hierarquias sociais que marcaram o processo emancipacionista brasileiro, assim como a construção de identidades raciais nas duas últimas décadas do século XIX.

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Over four decades have passed since the invasion of Western Sahara by the Moroccan Kingdom in October 1975. The status of this non-autonomous territory has not changed and it is clearly defined not only by the UN Resolutions as well as the International Court, the African Union and the Court of Justice of the European Union. 

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Africa due to its geostrategic repository of huge natural resources of global interest as well as its growing population and markets have become of huge interest to powerful states of the world.

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The former colony of the Western Sahara remains one of the oldest decolonization conflicts. It was a war-zone for 16 years (1976-1991). Since 1991 a political stalemate is going on which has prevented the establishment of effective heritage and development policies in the region.

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Eighty percent of Western Sahara has been militarily occupied since 1975 by the Kingdom of Morocco. In 1991 a cease-fire was signed between the parties. Since 1975 the Saharawi population has been under a Moroccan regime of repression, social, economic and political apartheid.

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Gender inequality has been broadly discussed in recent times, yet its impact on inclusive development remains a subject not commonly considered. This paper aims to seek out and understand the relationship between gender inequality and inclusive development. Our consideration of gender inequality is limited to domestic violence against women. 

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The subject of colonization as one of the greatest forces militating against African culture and development has gained no little attention from various African writers, both of fiction and critical essays. This paper reflects on African community spirit (as encapsulated in the Ubuntu philosophy): what it is, its characteristics, and an attempt to trace the transition of African societies from a previously more community-centred character of living into a Western-patterned individualistic nature. 

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 Este artigo pretende contribuir para o repensar de alguns paradigmas, como o da simples utilização de palavras que usamos de forma corrente para qualificar as lutas armadas de libertação que tiveram lugar em determinados países africanos (ou mesmo noutra parte do terceiro mundo).

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